Wilson makes the best cookies in the neighborhood. Man B decides he will help the woman across the street because he recognizes her as his neighbor, Mrs. Man A decides he will help the woman across the street because if he didn’t he would feel guilty all day. To illustrate this distinction, let’s take the example of three young men who see an elderly woman needing help across the street. Kant recognizes that it is difficult to determine one’s intentions, so he makes a distinction between acting in conformity with duty and acting from duty. Accordingly, the will is a good will provided it acts from duty. This leads Kant to claim that the good will is the only thing good without qualification–or the only thing that is intrinsically good. We value courage, but a suicide bomber also exhibits courage. For example, we value knowledge, but such can be used to commit atrocities in the world, so knowledge is good sometimes. If we think about the other goods and things that we value, such are not good without qualification. To clarify, Kant thinks the good will is the only thing that is intrinsically valuable. Morality is defined by duties and one’s action is moral if it is an act motivated by duty.Īccording to Kant the only thing that is good in itself is the “good will.” The will is what drives our actions and grounds the intention of our act.
For Kant, morality is not defined by the consequences of our actions, our emotions, or an external factor. Morally speaking, Kant is a deontologist from the Greek, this is the science of duties.
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